本试卷共8页；满分100分；考试时间为150分钟。全部题目用英语作答。

I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)

The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.

Childhood Fears

I remember my childhood as being generally happy and can recall experiencing some of the most carefree times of my life. But I can also remember, even more vividly, moments of being deeply frightened. As a child, I was truly terrified of the dark, of getting lost, and of not being liked by others. These fears were very real and caused me some extremely uncomfortable moments.

Maybe it was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that scared me so much. There was never total darkness, but a streetlight or passing car lights made clothes hung over a chair take on the shape of an unknown beast. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw that the curtains seemed to move when there was no breeze. A tiny crack in the floor would sound a hundred times louder than in the daylight, and my imagination would take over, creating burglars and monsters. Darkness always made me feel so helpless, too. My heart would pound, and I would lie very still so that the “enemy”                                               

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    Perhaps one of the worst fears I had as a child was that of not being liked by others. First of all, I was quite shy. Second, I worried constantly about my book, thinking people wouldn’t like me because I was too fat or wore braces. I tried to wear the “right” clothes and even had intense arguments with my mother over the importance of wearing the “flats” instead of saddle shoes to school. Being popular was so important to me then, and the fear of no being liked was a powerful one.

    One of the processes of evolving from a child to an adult is being able to recognize and out grow our fears. I’ve learned that darkness does not have to take on a life of its own, that others can help me when I’m lost, and that friendliness and sincerity will encourage people to like me. Understanding the things that scared us as children helps us to cope with our lives as adults.

II. Write an outline (20 points)

   Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.

The Changing Workweek

In the early 1900s in the U.S.A., workers in large industries worked long days and long weeks. It was not uncommon for workers in the meat-packing companies of Chicago, for example, to work twelve to fourteen hours, for six or seven days a week. As unions started exerting their influence, however, the working conditions of American workers began improving, and the workweek was gradually shortened. Today, workers have workweek opinions that were unheard of earlier in the last century.

    The five day workweek has become commonplace in American industries. However, he four-day workweek is becoming even more popular. Mary workers prefer four tea-hour days. This gives them longer working days, but it also gives them three-day weekends, an unheard-of luxury even twenty years ago. Management isn’t complaining since the same amount of work gets accomplished, and in some cases a plant can be totally shut down on the fifth day, saving the company thousands of dollars in utilities.

    Another change in the workweek is the variable hours option. While American workers have traditionally worked either day or night shifts, some companies are allowing workers to set their own hours within the workweek. Flexible schedules are becoming more common in metropolitan areas with commuter-time traffic problems and in industries that are open around the clock. The advantage to the workers is that they can plan their hours around the days of their families. For example, a husband who takes each afternoon off could babysit the children while his wife works. The variable hours schedule also motivates workers because the company is letting them control their own time.

    A third change in the workweek over the past twenty years is the use of overtime. While most workers do not have to work beyond a forty-hour week, many companies will pay them time and a half to do so. Although this is more expensive for the company, it is still cheaper than having to hire additional workers and providing benefits. On traditional nonworking days such as holidays, workers are often paid double-time or more to work. Overtime pay allows companies to meet their production needs without exploiting the workers. It allows workers to make extra money at a higher rate than they normally work for. Although overtime work often represents a return to longer working days and weeks, it is done on a voluntary basis and is usually negotiated willingly by the workers.

    What does the future hold for American workers? As modern technology turns more and more wok to machines, the typical workweek may continue to shrink. Some companies have already gone to the thirty-five-hour week, and in the 21^st century, the thirty-five-hour week may be standard. Within twenty years, the great advantage to shorter workweeks is that workers have more time off to themselves. However, given the financial demands upon American families in the future, it may also become common for workers to hold down two full-time jobs at one time. Given the American work ethic, most workers will probably fill their free time with more work instead of more leisure.

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III. Compose an essay (60 points)

Many technological innovations have been “double-edged swords” with positive and negative effects on society at large. The automobile is one of such innovations. What do you think is the overall impact of automobiles on society? Write an expository essay( about 300 words) expressing your views on it.

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2003年下半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试

英语写作试题参考答案及评分标准

I.Supply the missing paragraph  (20分)

  Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost. When all the buses were lined up along the curb, I was terrified that I’d get on the wrong one. I would scan the bus for the faces of my friends, make sure the bus driver was the same one that had been there in the morning, and even then ask the others over and over again to be sure I was on the right bus. On school or family trips I wouldn’t let the leaders out of my sight. And of course, I was never very adventurous when it came to taking walks or hikes, because I would go only where I was sure I could never get lost.

[评分标准]

1．第一部分满分20 分， 按四个档次给分。其中12分为该部分的及格分，需要慎重把握。

2．提供的答案仅供参考。如果考生的回答与参考答案意思相近，或思路新颖，且有创见，即使在整体上不够全面，也应酌情给高分，但不得超过该题最高分值。如果考生的答案与参考答案不完全吻合，但上下一致，语气连贯，条理清晰，应按正确答案给分。

3．写作的用词量如果不符合要求，应酌情减分。

4．答题中的拼写错误可以每四个扣1分，但不重复扣分。

5．分值不得出现０.５分。

第一档：２０——１７分

上下连贯，意思完整，语言通顺，表达清楚，很少有语法错误和拼写错误。

第二档：１６——１２分

　　上下基本连贯，语言基本通顺，表达较清楚，少有语法错误和拼写错误。

第三档：１１——８分

上下不连贯，语言不通顺，表达不清楚，有较多语法错误和拼写错误。

第四档：７——０分

　　上下不连贯，语言不通顺，表达不清楚，有大量语法错误和拼写错误。

II．Write an outline (20分)

1.      Introduction: The working conditions of American workers have been improved.

A.     American workers used to work long days and long weeks.

B.     Unions improved the working conditions of American workers.

C.     Thesis: Today, American workers have workweek options that were unheard of earlier in the last century.

2.      There have been changes in the American workweek.

A.     American workers now have a shorter workweek.

B.     American workers now have variable hours options.

C.     Both management and workers benefit from the use of overtime.

3.      What does the future hold for American workers?

A.     The typical workweek may continue to shrink.

B.     They will have more free time to themselves.

C.     Under the financial pressure and given the work ethic, many workers may have two jobs instead of more leisure.

［评分标准］

１．第二部分满分为２０分，按四个档次给分。其中１２分为该部分的及格分，需要慎重把握。

２．考生只能按题型要求写出“Sentence Outline”，如果”Topic Outline”或两种混用，则降档处理。

３．提供的答案仅供参考。如果考生的答案在层次划分上与参考答案不一致，但条理清晰，合理，概括完整，应按正确答案给分。

４．答题中的拼写错误可以每四个扣１分，但不重复扣分。

５．分值不得出现０.５分

第一档：２０——１７分

概括准确，内容完整，语言通顺，表达清楚。

第二档：１６——１２分

概括较完整，个别要点有遗漏，语言基本通顺，表达较清楚。

第三档：１１——８分

概括不全面，要点遗漏较多，语言不通顺，表达不清楚。

第四档：７——０分

无法表达内容和概括意思，几乎没有要点，语言不通顺。

III．Compose an essay (６０分)

参考答案略

［评分标准］

１．第三部分满分６０分，按五个档次给分。其中３６分为该部分的及格分，需要慎重把握。

２．写作的用词量如果不符合要求，应酌情减分。

３．作文中的拼写错误可以每四个扣1分，但不重复扣分。

４．分值不得出现０.５分

第一档：６０——５５分

作文切题，内容充实，结构清晰、完整，语言通顺，表达清楚，用词准确，没有语法错误，很少有拼写错误。

第二档：５４——４６分

　　作文切题，内容充实，结构清晰、完整，语言通顺，表达清楚，用词基本得当，有个别语法错误和拼写错误。

第三档：４５——３６分

　　作文基本切题，内容较充实，结构较清晰、完整，语言较通顺，表达较清楚，有些用词不当，但可以理解，有少数语法错误和拼写错误。

第四档：３５——１８分

　　文不切题，内容不充实，结构不清晰，语言不通顺，表达不连贯，有较多语法错误和拼写错误。

第五档：１７——０分

文不切题，内容空洞，结构混乱，语言不通顺，无法表达连贯意思。